Urban mixed-use development has been one the important urban planning paradigms in North American and European cities. This approach has been emerged from the new urban planning theories such as new urbanism, smart growth and sustainable development. At a glance to urban plans which have been produced for our metropolitans we can find that the theorical and methodological explanation of this paradigm has been paled in domestic literature. This issue made the platform of the article in order to characterize approach of urban mixed-use development in domestic urban development literature. Thus, components and contexts of 135 correlate Persian articles in a professional literature review process have been analyzed. Contents analysis method has used for the process and SPSS software used too in order to make the results more clear. The results showed that this approach was very mint in the literature and researchers have newly focused on that. It found that among the correlate articles the ratio of mixed use works was very low. Also the results showed that divers field of study has defray to mixed use development in which urbanism and geographers have more slice. At the end it clarified that utilizing urban mixed use development is really needful.

Effective use of meteorological information has paramount importance in decreasing farmers' vulnerability towards climate variability. Analyzing the barriers to meteorological information use by farmers was the main aim of the study. In order to achieve this goal, the research was conducted through two qualitative and quantitative phases. The purpose of first phase was to identify the basic concepts associated with barriers to meteorological information use. Therefore, 12 in-depth interviews were conducted with the farmers of Naghadeh County based on purposeful snowball sampling method. The purpose of second phase was to reduce the concepts that had been extracted from in-depth interviews conducted in the previous phase and then categorize them into some general factors using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA ). All of the farmers in Naghadeh County (N = 9006 ) were the statistical population of this phase which 368 of them were selected as the sample using stratified random sampling method. Research tool was a close-ended questionnaire that developed based on the concepts identified from the qualitative phase. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of academic experts as well as item-total-correlation coefficients, respectively. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that the barriers of meteorological information use included "educational-communicative", "normative", "informational", "infrastructural-political", and "professional-economic" barriers. These five factors could account for 54. 96% of the variance of barriers to meteorological information use. Finally, it was recommended that mass media and social networks can be used as a facilitating tool for meteorological information use.

To study the effect of nitrogenous fertilizers and mixed cropping of legumes and maize on its grain yield and yield component of corn in Arak, an experiment was carried at the Agricultural Research Center of Markazi Province in 2013. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was performed. Treatments were four levels of urea (N0=control, N1=75 kg.ha-1, N2=150 kg.ha-1, N3=225 kg.ha-1) and mixed cropping with four levels (S1=planting corn, S2=planting corn+chickpea, S3=planting corn +cowpea, S4=planting corn+mung bean). Plot consisted of 4 rows, 6 m long with 60 cm between rows space and 20 cm between plants on the rows, and S.C 704 corn hybrid was used. In this study characteristics such as: plant height, number of green leaf, grain yield, number of row per ear, number of grain per ear row, nitrogen use efficiency, biomasses of legumes, nitrogen percentage and 1000 grain weight were assessed. Results indicated that the effect of different levels of urea on plant height, number of green leaf, grain yield, number of grain per row, nitrogen use efficiency, legumes biomass and nitrogen percentage were significant. Effect of mixed cropping on characteristics like grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency, biomasses of legumes nitrogen percentage was also significant. Highest and lowest grain yield (7.37 and 5.47 t.ha-1) were obtained with the use of 225 and 75 kg.ha-1 urea, respectively. The highest and lowest grain yield (7.30 and 6.01 t.ha-1) belonged to sole cropping at corn and mixed cropping of corn+mung bean, respectively.

Background: Mixed Land-Use is a form of urban development based on the concentration of different land-uses in a specified region which is a new approach to locating and linking land uses. To evaluate the distribution pattern of urban mixed land-uses, one of the spatial indicators entitled as Diversity Index is used. One of the applications of the concept of "diversity" in urban planning is "diversity of place". Separation and integration are two important words which play a critical role in defining the diversity of place and can be used interchangeably. In this regard, "diversity of place" includes all social and economic mixes, combinations and structures, unique places, different income levels, races, genders, morals, households size, lifestyles and non-residential activities. If a mixed land-use is going to be complex enough to maintain security, public interaction, and the interactive user, it should have multiple diverse components. Though cities can naturally be considered as the natural creation of economic varieties for business, it does not mean that cities create diversity spontaneously. Objectives: Although there are several models to assess diversity, using these models individually cannot assess the "Diversity" in Mixed land use zones, accurately owing to their low indicators. Thus, the current study aims to introduce the "place diversity model". Methodology: A combination of natural science and Delphi methods as well as average statistical, scattered point diagram with failure point criterion, Kendall coordination coefficient and Shannon entropy are used to reach the main aim of the current study. Results: The final model was presented in 12 indicators that the index of "Degree of mixed land use index" is most important with an index weight of 0. 31 and the least significant indicator is "gender composition index" with an index weight of 0. 014. Conclusion: In this study, a new model of "diversity of place" is introduced to evaluate the Mixed land-use zone and the impact factor and priority of its indicators are also determined.

The dilapidated structures of Isfahan face a complex combination of social, economic and environmental problems,That urban regeneration takes steps to solve these problems by using the tools of empowering a cohesive community and promoting the active participation of citizens. This process in the context of cyberspace seeks to facilitate communication between citizens and officials,Electronic authorization is introduced. One of the methods of implementing the electronic authorization process in cyberspace is the use of requirements engineering method, which is introduced based on the identification of requirements and its analysis, system users and their activities. This study has been compiled with the aim of achieving the analysis of users' needs and their activities in order to realize the process of electronic authorization based on the Use Case. Based on this, this article is a research with features such as inductive, applied and descriptive-analytical, which determines the system requirements by using the jury method and content analysis method using Atlas ti software. Requirements analysis shows that users of the electronic authorization process system, including residents of worn-out tissues of Isfahan, facilitator, technical expert and trainer, are responsible and the activities of each based on the authorization process and requirements in Visual Paradigm software as a use case diagram,Displayed as Integrated Modeling Language (UML). The diagrams used are a demonstration of how the relationship between the user and the activities in the cyclical system of the electronic empowerment process for the residents of the worn-out urban tissues of Isfahan.